Negative pressure treatment including mechanical and chemical pump

ABSTRACT

A negative pressure assembly includes a drape, a sealing element, a reactor, a valve and a mechanical pump assembly. The drape and the sealing element, when applied to the skin, cooperate to define an enclosed volume. The reactor is located so as to be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume when the drape is covering the dressing site. The reactor reacts with a selected gas found in air to consume the selected gas. The valve has a first operating state in which gas is drawn from the enclosed volume through the valve. The mechanical pump assembly includes a pump chamber fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume through the valve when the valve is in the first operating state. The mechanical pump is configured to fluidly connect with the enclosed volume and draw air from the enclosed volume into the pump chamber.

BACKGROUND

Negative pressure therapy is a therapeutic treatment that utilizes negative pressure for skin treatments and restorative purposes. Negative pressure is a term used to describe a pressure that is below normal atmospheric pressure. Negative pressure therapy is utilized for several sites on the skin, such as a wound or an incision. Furthermore, negative pressure therapy is useful to manage wounds with complex healing concerns. Additionally, negative pressure therapy could also be used for cosmetic purposes like removing wrinkles.

Generally, negative pressure therapy is achieved by maintaining a reduced pressure beneath a dressing on a dressing site. A vacuum generation source, such as a pump, applies reduced pressure to the inside of the dressing on the dressing site. However, when a vacuum source that operates using a chemical reaction is first activated, a desirable negative pressure may not be obtained for the first few minutes of the operation of the vacuum source. As a result, if the dressing is not properly sealed at the beginning of the negative pressure therapy, an indication that the dressing is not sealed may not be noticeable for a few minutes. Furthermore, when a reduced pressure is finally obtained, the negative pressure may be susceptible to decreasing below a target pressure range for the negative pressure therapy (e.g., too much vacuum is applied on the skin). When the negative pressure decreases below the target pressure range, the dressing may be uncomfortable for the patient.

SUMMARY

In view of the foregoing, a negative pressure assembly includes a drape, a sealing element, a reactor, and a mechanical pump assembly. The drape covers a dressing site on a patient and when sealed against the skin upon application of a vacuum is capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape. When applied to the skin, the sealing element cooperates with the drape to define an enclosed volume covered by the drape and surrounded by the sealing element. The reactor is configured to react with and consume a selected gas found in air, and is located with respect to the drape and the sealing element to be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume when the drape is covering the dressing site. The mechanical pump assembly is fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume and has a pump chamber in fluid communication with the enclosed volume to draw air from the enclosed volume into the pump chamber.

The negative pressure assembly described above may further include a dressing including the drape and an absorbent material. Additionally, the reactor may be disposed in the dressing. Furthermore, a relief valve may be disposed on the dressing. The relief valve is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume and ambient. When a pressure differential between ambient and the enclosed volume is outside a predetermined pressure range, the relief valve allows gas from ambient to enter the enclosed volume.

The mechanical pump assembly can be connected to the dressing, and the pump chamber of the mechanical pump assembly is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume. The mechanical pump assembly can be connected to the dressing via a valve, a fitting, or a hose. The valve may be configured to allow gas to exit through the valve and into the pump chamber of the mechanical pump assembly while also preventing ambient air from entering into the enclosed volume through the valve. Alternatively, the valve may be a bidirectional valve configured to allow gas to exit through the valve when ambient pressure is below that of the enclosed volume and to allow gas from ambient to enter the enclosed volume through the valve when the pressure differential between ambient and the enclosed volume is outside a predetermined pressure range. Furthermore, the mechanical pump assembly may include a manually-actuated actuator and a biasing mechanism operatively connected with a movable pump element. When the manually-actuated actuator is actuated, the biasing mechanism moves the movable pump element. In result, air is drawn into the mechanical pump assembly. The biasing mechanism can be a spring, and the movable pump element can be a piston.

The negative pressure assembly described above may further include a chemical pump assembly including a chemical pump housing having a chamber. In this embodiment, the reactor is positioned in the chamber of the chemical pump housing instead of the dressing. Furthermore, the chemical pump assembly may include a diaphragm which moves toward the chamber to indicate when the chamber is under negative pressure. Additionally, the relief valve may alternatively be disposed on the chemical pump assembly instead of the dressing or may remain on the dressing.

The chemical pump housing may be connected to the dressing via a valve, a fitting, or a hose. Furthermore, the chemical pump assembly may be connected to a second dressing covering a second dressing site via a second valve, a second fitting, or the hose. The hose may be Y-shaped to connect the chemical pump assembly to the dressing and the second dressing at the same time. When the chemical pump housing is connected to the dressing, the chamber of the chemical pump assembly is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume. The hose may be retractable into the chemical pump assembly. Alternatively, the hose can be wound around a wrap element disposed on the chemical pump assembly. Also, when the chemical pump assembly is connected with the dressing via a fitting, the mechanical pump assembly may also be connected with the dressing via the fitting when the chemical pump assembly is not connected to the dressing via the fitting. Alternatively, the chemical pump assembly and the mechanical pump assembly may be connected to the dressing via separate valves, fittings, and/or hoses.

In still another embodiment, the mechanical pump assembly can be connected to the chemical pump assembly. In result, the pump chamber of the mechanical pump assembly is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume via the chemical pump assembly. The mechanical pump assembly can be connectable with the chemical pump housing via a valve, a fitting, or a hose. In the embodiment with the valve, gas can exit through the valve and into the pump chamber while also preventing ambient air from entering the chamber through the valve.

A negative pressure assembly according to another embodiment includes a drape, a sealing element, a valve, and a mechanical pump assembly. The drape covers a dressing site on a patient and is capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape when sealed against the patient's skin upon application of a vacuum. The sealing element cooperates with the drape when applied to the skin to define an enclosed volume covered by the drape and surrounded by the sealing element. The valve is disposed on the drape and has a first operating state in which gas exits the enclosed volume through the valve and a second operating state in which gas is precluded from exiting the enclosed volume through the valve. The mechanical pump assembly includes a pump chamber fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume through the valve when the valve is in the first operating state. The mechanical pump assembly is also configured to draw air from the enclosed volume into the pump chamber when fluidly connected with the enclosed volume.

The negative pressure assembly may further include a dressing including the drape, the sealing element, and an absorbent material. The mechanical pump assembly is connectable to the dressing through the valve so that the pump chamber is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume. The negative pressure assembly may also include a reactor located with respect to the drape and the sealing element so that the reactor is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume when the drape is covering the dressing site. The reactor reacts with a selected gas found in air and consumes the selected gas. In one embodiment, the reactor is disposed in the dressing. In another embodiment, the negative pressure assembly further includes a chemical pump assembly having a chemical pump. housing in which the reactor is disposed in the chemical pump housing.

Furthermore, a relief valve may be disposed on the dressing. The relief valve is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume and ambient. The relief valve allows gas from ambient to enter the enclosed volume through the relief valve when a pressure differential between ambient and the enclosed volume is outside a predetermined pressure range. Alternatively, the valve may be a bidirectional valve that allows gas to exit through the valve when ambient pressure is below that of the enclosed volume and allows gas from ambient to enter the enclosed volume through the valve when the pressure differential between ambient and the enclosed volume is outside a predetermined pressure range. The predetermined pressure range may be between 50 and 200 mmHg below atmospheric pressure.

Additionally, the mechanical pump assembly may include a manually-actuated actuator and a biasing mechanism operatively connected with a movable pump element. The actuation of the manually-actuated actuator results in the biasing mechanism moving the movable pump element. In result, air is drawn into the mechanical pump assembly. The biasing mechanism may be a spring, and the movable pump element may be a piston. A hose may also be retractable into the mechanical pump assembly. Alternatively, the hose may be wound around a wrap element on the mechanical pump assembly. The mechanical pump assembly may further be connected to a second dressing covering a second dressing site via a valve, a fitting, or a hose.

A negative pressure assembly according to another embodiment includes a drape for covering a dressing site on a patient and capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape when sealed against skin upon application of a vacuum and a sealing element that when applied to the skin cooperates with the drape to define an enclosed volume covered by the drape and surrounded by the sealing element. The negative pressure assembly also includes a reactor located with respect to the drape and the sealing element so as to be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume when the drape is covering the dressing site. The reactor is configured to react with a selected gas found in air so as to consume the selected gas. The negative pressure assembly also includes a valve including at least one movable element. The valve has a first operating state in which gas is drawn from the enclosed volume through the valve. The negative pressure assembly also includes a mechanical pump assembly including a pump chamber fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume through the valve when the valve is in the first operating state. The mechanical pump is configured to fluidly connect with the enclosed volume and draw air from the enclosed volume into the pump chamber of the mechanical pump assembly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a negative pressure kit.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dressing and a mechanical pump assembly of the negative pressure kit according to one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a dressing and a mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the dressing in FIG. 3 and a chemical pump assembly prior to connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chemical pump assembly according to one embodiment.

FIG. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view of the chemical pump assembly according to yet another embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical pump assembly before actuation.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical pump assembly after actuation.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the dressing and the chemical pump assembly after connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing, but prior to negative pressure in a therapeutic range underneath the dressing.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the dressing, the chemical pump assembly and the mechanical pump assembly (in schematic cross-section) after connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing and connection of the mechanical pump assembly to the chemical pump assembly, but prior to actuation of the mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the dressing, the chemical pump assembly and the mechanical pump assembly after connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing and connection of the mechanical pump assembly to the chemical pump assembly, and after actuation of the mechanical pump assembly after actuation.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the dressing and the chemical pump assembly after connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing, and after negative pressure in a therapeutic range has been achieved underneath the dressing and a diaphragm inverts toward a chamber in the chemical pump assembly.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the dressing, the chemical pump assembly and the mechanical pump assembly before connection of the chemical pump assembly to the dressing and after connection of the mechanical pump assembly to the dressing, but prior to actuation of the mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 13 is schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a chemical pump housing including a wrap element.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the chemical pump assembly and the dressing and a second dressing after negative pressure in a therapeutic range underneath the dressing according to another embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the mechanical pump assembly (in schematic cross-section) and the dressing after connection of the mechanical pump assembly to dressing, but before the actuation of the mechanical pump assembly according to still another embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 17 an exploded perspective view of the mechanical pump assembly of FIG. 16 .

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a chemical pump assembly.

FIG. 19 is a sectional elevation view of the chemical pump assembly of FIG. 18 .

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the chemical pump assembly of FIG. 18 and two dressings.

FIG. 21 is a schematic sectional view of a mechanical pump assembly and a chemical pump assembly according to an embodiment prior to activation of the mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 22 is a schematic sectional view of a mechanical pump assembly and a chemical pump assembly according to an embodiment prior to activation of the mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of a dressing.

FIG. 24 is a sectional view of a dressing after connection with and activation of the mechanical pump assembly.

FIG. 25 is a sectional elevation view of a chemical pump assembly having a mechanical pump located in an internal chamber of a chemical pump housing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 depicts a negative pressure kit 10 useful for negative pressure therapy. Negative pressure described herein is pressure below atmospheric pressure. The negative pressure kit 10 includes a tray kit 12 and a negative pressure assembly. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 , the negative pressure assembly includes at least one dressing 14, a chemical pump assembly 16, and a mechanical pump assembly 18.

The tray kit 12 comprises a top cover 20 and a bottom cover 22. At least one recess 24 may be provided on the bottom cover 22 for storing the at least one dressing 14, the chemical pump assembly 16, and the mechanical pump assembly 18. Spacer walls 26 can be added to maintain space between the top cover 20 and bottom cover 22 when the tray kit 12 is closed. The spacer walls 26 can at least partially surround the perimeter of the at least one recess 24. The bottom cover 22 may further include securing elements for securing the components in the at least one recess 24. Also, the tray kit 12 may comprise a closing element for keeping the top cover 20 and bottom cover 22 closed, and may further include locking attachments for locking the tray kit 12 when the tray kit 12 is closed.

With reference to FIG. 2 , the dressing 14 is placed over a dressing site 28 on a patient's skins. The dressing site 28 can be, but is not limited to, a wound, an incision, or skin where there is no wound or incision. In the illustrated embodiment, the dressing 14 includes a drape 40, a wicking or absorbent element 42 and a fitting 44. The dressing 14 can include further components, such as a sealing element 46, and can be similar construction to the dressings described in U.S. application Ser. No. 16/114,813 and/or PCT/US2016/059364. The drape 40 can be made from a flexible material and can be made from a thin, flexible elastomeric film. Examples of such materials include polyurethane or polyethylene films. The drape 40 can include at least one opening 48 (see FIG. 1 ), which can cooperate with the fitting 44. The drape 40 in the illustrated embodiment is a thin film capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape 40 when sealed against the skin upon application of a vacuum when the opening 48 is not in communication with ambient.

The drape 40 further comprises a drape top 52 and a drape edge 54. The drape top 52 and the drape edge 54 can be made from one continuous piece or multiple pieces fused together. The drape edge 54 is placed around the dressing site 28, and the drape top 52 covers the dressing site 28. The drape 40 can be made in a variety of shapes and sizes to cover a variety of dressing sites 28. The opening 48 extends through the drape top 52.

With continued reference to FIG. 2 , the sealing element 46 cooperates with the drape 40 and the skin S to create an enclosed volume 60 defined between the drape 40 and the dressing site 28 and surrounded by the sealing element 46. The sealing element 46 can be separate from the dressing 14 or a component of the dressing 14. The sealing element 46 functions like a gasket, as the sealing element 46 prevents fluid (including air) from escaping between the drape 40 and the skin S. When properly sealed, air or select gases found in air can selectively exit the dressing 14 through the at least one opening 48 and fitting 44. Thus, the sealing element 46 helps maintain negative pressure within the dressing 14. The sealing element 46 can be made from a material such as silicone or a hydrogel material.

The dressing 14 may further include a wound contact layer 68. The drape top 52 covers the wound contact layer 68 and/or the wicking or absorbent element 42. The wound contact layer 68 can be made of an elastomeric material, such as a polymeric material that has rubber-like properties. Furthermore, the wound contact layer 68 can be an elastomeric material that is a thin, flexible elastomeric film. Some examples of such materials include a silver coated nylon, a perforated silicone mesh, or other materials that will not stick to the patient's tissue. The wound contact layer 68 contacts the dressing site 28. The wound contact layer 68 can include at least one opening to cooperate with the absorbent element 42 to retain exudate traveling from the dressing site 28 into the enclosed volume 60. The sealing element 46 can also be disposed on the side of the wound contact layer 68 that contacts the dressing site 28 (or the absorbent element 42 if the wound contact layer 68 is not included).

A drape release liner (not shown) is disposed on the bottom surface of the drape edge 54. The drape release liner is removed before the dressing 14 is applied to the dressing site 28. When the drape release liner is removed, an adhesive 66 on the bottom surface of the drape edge 54 is exposed. As the dressing 14 is placed on the patient, the adhesive 66, which can be an acrylic-based adhesive that is distinct from the sealing element 46, secures the drape edge 54 to the patient's skin S around the dressing site 28. Thus, contact is maintained between the drape edge 54 and the skin S.

The wicking or absorbent element 42 is made from an absorbent material that is capable of absorbing exudate from the dressing site 28. The absorbent element 42 can be made from super absorbent polymers, absorbent beads, foams, or natural absorbents. Also, the absorbent element 42 can provide appropriate voids for gases found in air so that reduced pressure can be maintained. For example, the absorbent element 42 can be made from a relatively more rigid foam as compared to the drape 40 so that gas voids are maintained while absorbing exudate from the wound. The absorbent element 42 could also be made from the superabsorbent polymers described above that expand and form gas voids, for example between adjacent beads, to provide aforementioned volume control. The absorbent element 42 can also be a hydroactive wound pad available under the trademark Vilmed®, which chemically absorbs exudate and precludes the exudate from passing through the wicking element toward the vacuum source unlike a sponge.

The dressing 14 can also include an air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70 covering the opening 48 in the drape top 52. In an embodiment, the air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70 is disposed on the bottom surface of the drape top 52. Air is allowed to travel through the air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70, whereas liquid is prevented from traveling through the air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70. Therefore, exudate is not able to flow through the air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70. In another embodiment, the air permeable liquid impervious membrane 70 is disposed on the top surface of the drape top 52. Furthermore, FIG. 2 depicts a chemical pump 82 in the form of a reactor disposed in the dressing 14 beneath the drape 40. The chemical pump 82 can be located elsewhere, which will be described in more detail below.

FIG. 3 depicts the dressing 14 connected with the mechanical pump assembly 18 via a hose 62 (schematically depicted). When the mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected to the dressing 14, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60 via the fitting 44 in a manner described in more detail below. Actuation of the mechanical pump assembly 18 draws air from the enclosed volume 60 through the opening 48, fitting 44, and hose 62 into the mechanical pump assembly 18. As such, the sealing of the dressing 14 against the skin S can be checked in that the drape 40 would be drawn toward the skin S. The hose 62 can then be removed from the fitting 44, which would allow air into the enclosed volume 60 resulting in the enclosed volume 60 returning towards atmospheric pressure.

FIG. 4 depicts the dressing 14 and the chemical pump assembly 16. The chemical pump assembly 16 includes a chemical pump housing 80, a chemical pump 82 (shown in phantom in FIG. 4 ) positioned in a chamber 84 (see FIG. 5 ), and a lower opening 86 disposed on the bottom of the chemical pump housing 80 and in fluid communication with the chamber 84. When connected with the fitting 44, the chamber 84 in the chemical pump housing 80 is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60 via the lower opening 86, the at least one opening 48, and the fitting 44 on the drape 40. The chemical pump assembly 16 applies reduced pressure on the inside of the dressing 14 in a manner that will be described in more detail below.

The chemical pump 82 in the chemical pump assembly 16 is a reactor configured to react with a selected gas found in air. The chemical pump 82 is located with respect to the drape 40 and sealing element 46 so that the chemical pump 82 can be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60. The chemical pump 82 consumes the selected gas from the enclosed volume 60, thereby removing the gas and reducing the gas pressure. As such, even though the chemical pump 82 does not include an inlet and an exhaust that moves a fluid from one location to another like that of a conventional pump, it does remove a gas from air thus lowering the gas pressure within the enclosed volume 60. Examples of reactors that can be used in the chemical pump assembly 16 are described in US 2014/0109890A1 and PCT/US2016/059364. The chemical pump 82 can be actuated by exposing the chemical pump 82 to ambient by providing a hermetic seal around the chemical pump until it is ready to be activated. Alternatively, an electrolyte solution, such as the one found in the impregnated pad in US 2014/0109890A1, could be provided in a rupturable package and later ruptured so as to react with a reducing agent found on a substrate. In the case of a therapeutic negative pressure system, utilized for wound care, the range of reported operating pressures, relative to standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mmHg, are −50 mmHg to −200 mmHg (absolute pressure of 560 to 710 mmHg). When the pressure is less than 560 mmHg, the at least one dressing 14 can become uncomfortable for the patient. When the pressure is above 710 mmHg, the negative pressure therapy may not be as effective compared to pressures below 710 mmHg. However, smaller target pressure ranges within the 560 to 710 mmHg may be desired. Thus, the reactor 82 can be configured to maintain a reduced pressure range within a predetermined target pressure range.

The chemical pump assembly 16 is configured to maintain a predefined chamber volume, as the chemical pump 82 consumes the selected gas from the enclosed volume 60. The size of the reactor 82 is dependent on the volume of the chamber 84, the hose 62 and the enclosed volume 60, among other factors. In another embodiment, the reactor 82 can be disposed in the dressing 14 instead of the chemical pump assembly 16, as depicted in FIG. 2 . As a result, the chemical pump assembly 16 may be eliminated in the method of applying negative pressure within the dressing 14.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5 , an upper opening 90, in which a first valve 92 is disposed, is provided on the top of the chemical pump housing 80. Additionally, the upper opening 90 and first valve 92 can be disposed on a side of the chemical pump housing 80 and elsewhere on the chemical pump housing 80. In another embodiment, a valve that operates similarly to the first valve 92 can be disposed on the dressing 14. The first valve 92 is configured to work with the mechanical pump assembly 18. In the first operating state, the first valve 92 allows air to exit the chamber 84 through the first valve 92 when the mechanical pump assembly 18 is inserted into the first valve 92. In the second operating state, the first valve 92 precludes ambient air from entering the chamber 84 through the upper opening 90 and first valve 92 when the mechanical pump assembly 18 is not inserted into the first valve 92. Examples of such valves include, but are not limited to, a spring-biased check valve and a valve comprising flaps. FIG. 5 depicts the first valve 92 having flaps 94. The flaps 94 on the first valve 92 are closed before the mechanical pump assembly 18 is introduced into the upper opening 90. No gas is allowed to escape through the upper opening 90 and the first valve 92 unless the mechanical pump assembly 18 is introduced. The flaps 94 on the first valve 92 return to the closed position by their resilient forces, as the mechanical pump assembly 18 is removed.

In the illustrated embodiment, a sealing member 96 is disposed on the bottom of the chemical pump housing 80. Also, the sealing member 96 can be disposed on a side of the chemical pump housing 80 and elsewhere on the chemical pump housing 80. In the illustrated embodiment, the sealing member 96 is positioned in the lower opening 86 and configured to work with the fitting 44. The sealing member 96 allows air to enter the chamber 84 through the lower opening 86 when the chemical pump assembly 16 is pressed onto and fitted with the fitting 44. The sealing member 96 prevents ambient air from entering the chamber 84 when the chemical pump assembly 16 is not fitted onto the fitting 44. FIG. 5 depicts the sealing member 96 having flaps 98. The flaps 98 on the sealing member 96 are closed before the chemical pump assembly 16 is fit onto the fitting 44. No gas is allowed to enter through the sealing member 96 unless the flaps 98 are moved from their initial closed position. Alternatively, the sealing member 96 can be foil or another member capable of being punctured when pressed against the fitting 44.

With reference to FIG. 4 , a negative pressure indicator, which in the illustrated embodiment is a diaphragm 100, may be disposed on the chemical pump housing 80 to provide an indication to the user that the system is under negative pressure. Referring to FIG. 4 , the diaphragm 100 can be dome shaped protruding out of the chemical pump housing 80 when the pressure in the chamber 84 is at or above a predetermined pressure, which can be atmospheric pressure. The diaphragm 100 can be made from an elastic material. As the pressure in the chemical pump assembly 16 or dressing 14 decreases below the target pressure range, the diaphragm 100 is drawn into the chemical pump housing 80. As the diaphragm 100 is drawn towards the inside of the chemical pump housing 80, the diaphragm 100 is inverted. When the diaphragm 100 is inverted, this provides an indication to the user that the system is under negative pressure. Alternatively, the indicator can be disposed on the dressing 14.

FIGS. 6 and 7 schematically depict the mechanical pump assembly 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is a single action vacuum source used to create negative pressure in the enclosed volume 60 of the dressing 14. When the chemical pump assembly 16 is initially installed on the dressing 14 (see FIG. 8 ), negative pressure in the enclosed volume 60 of the dressing 14 is not created until the chemical pump assembly 16 is in full operation, i.e., until the reactor 82 scavenges the selected gas found in air from the chamber 84 and the enclosed volume 60. Therefore, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can also assist in the negative pressure maintenance of the dressing 14. Furthermore, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can assist in drawing the dressing 14 towards the dressing site 28.

In one embodiment, the mechanical pump assembly 18 may include a manually-actuated actuator and a biasing mechanism operatively connected with a movable pump element. The actuation of the manually-actuated actuator results in the biasing mechanism moving the movable pump element so as to draw air into the mechanical pump assembly. In result, negative pressure is created in the enclosed volume 60. Thus, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can be a pneumatic piston cylinder. With reference to FIG. 6 , the mechanical pump assembly 18 comprises a mechanical pump housing 120, and a pump chamber having a first chamber 138 and a second chamber 140. An actuator 144 may be disposed on the side of the mechanical pump housing 120. The actuator 144 can be manually operated and used to activate the operation of the mechanical pump assembly 18. Examples of such actuators include, but are not limited to, a button, a switch, or a trigger.

An internal wall 122 may be used to separate the first chamber 138 from the second chamber 140. The internal wall 122 includes a rod opening 142 for accepting a piston rod 130. A seal 124 encircles the internal wall 122 to prevent any gas from passing between the first chamber 138 and the second chamber 140 around the internal wall 122. Alternatively, the internal wall 122 can be integrally formed with the mechanical pump housing 120. Furthermore, a second seal 146 in the rod opening 142 can enclose the piston rod 130 so that gas is prevented from passing between the first chamber 138 and the second chamber 140 through the rod opening 142 without restricting the movement of the piston rod 130.

The mechanical pump housing 120 includes a tip 134 disposed at the bottom. The tip 134 includes a tip opening 136 in fluid communication with the first chamber 138. Furthermore, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can also be in fluid communication with the opening 48 on the drape 40 via the hose 62 that can connect with the tip 134 or via the tip connecting directly with the fitting 44. The hose 62 can be any length, thus a long hose 62 can be utilized. Therefore, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can be operated on the dressing 14 before the chemical pump assembly 16 is installed on the dressing 14. This can help seal the dressing 14 at the dressing site 28. In result, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can directly apply reduced pressure to the dressing 14.

In the illustrated embodiment, the biasing mechanism is a spring 126, and the movable element is a piston 128. The spring 126 and the piston 128 are disposed in the first chamber 138. Before the mechanical pump assembly 18 is activated, a majority of the piston rod 130 is also located in the first chamber 138. Also, a head 132 disposed on the top of the piston rod 130 is disposed in the second chamber 140. When the mechanical pump assembly 18 is introduced to the first valve 92 (FIG. 9 ) of the chemical pump assembly 16 or connected with the fitting 44 by the hose 62 (FIG. 3 ), the actuator 144 is used to activate the operation of the mechanical pump assembly 18. As the mechanical pump assembly 18 is activated, a connector 170 (see FIG. 6 ) between the actuator 144 and the piston rod 130 releases the piston rod 130, and air enters first chamber 138 of the mechanical pump housing 120 through the tip opening 136. The connector 170 can reengage the piston rod 130. Thus, the mechanical pump assembly 18 may be reusable. As depicted in FIG. 7 , the spring 126 biases the piston 128 toward the internal wall 122, which draws air into the first chamber 138. The piston rod 130 moves into the second chamber 140, and the head 132 moves towards the top surface of the mechanical pump housing 120. As a result, the negative pressure of the dressing 14 is created.

The negative pressure assembly can be susceptible to reaching a negative pressure below the target pressure range, e.g. too much vacuum or negative pressure may be achieved in the enclosed volume 60. In order to maintain the target pressure range, as shown in FIG. 5 , a relief valve 148 may be disposed on the chemical pump housing 80 to release pressure as needed. Alternatively, a relief valve similar in operation to the relief valve 148 can be disposed on the drape 40 of the dressing 14. The relief valve 148 can be any valve that can manually or automatically release pressure as needed. FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment in which the relief valve 148 is disposed on the chemical pump assembly 16. It is to be understood that the relief valve 148 functions similarly in an embodiment in which the relief valve 148 is disposed on the dressing 14. Referring to FIG. 5 , the relief valve 148 comprises a flexible cap 160 protruding into the chemical pump housing 80 connected with a post 162. The flexible cap 160 normally covers an opening 164. The flexible cap 160 can be made from an elastic material. As a pressure differential between ambient and the dressing 14 or ambient and the chamber 84 in the chemical pump assembly 16 moves outside of a predetermined pressure range, which can be set for example between 50 mmHg and 200 mmHg, the flexible perimeter 190 of the flexible cap 160 is drawn into the chemical pump housing 80 or the drape 40. As the flexible perimeter 190 of the flexible cap 160 is drawn toward the inside of the chemical pump housing 80 or the dressing 14, a space is created around the perimeter of the flexible cap 160 so that air can pass through the opening 164. When the opening 164 is not covered by the flexible cap 160, air from the ambient enters the chemical pump assembly 16 or the dressing 14 until the internal pressure reaches the pressure at which the perimeter 190 of the flexible cap 160 relaxes onto the inner surface of the chemical pump housing 80 to reseal and close the opening 164. The chemical pump assembly 16 and/or the dressing 14 are then subject to the amount of negative pressure at which the relief valve 148 reseals, which can be different than the pressure differential at which the opening 164 is opened while still being within the therapeutic range, e.g., between 50 mmHg and 200 mmHg.

In another embodiment, a bidirectional valve 184 is disposed on the chemical pump housing 80 instead of the first valve 192 and the relief valve 148, as depicted in FIG. 5A. Alternatively, the bidirectional valve 184 can be disposed on the at least one dressing 14. In yet another embodiment, the bidirectional valve 184 may be similar construction to the valve described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,143. The chemical pump assembly 16 may be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60 through the bidirectional valve 184. Additionally, the mechanical pump assembly 18 may also be in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60 through the bidirectional valve 184. As depicted in FIG. 15 , the hose 62 can be attached to the mechanical pump assembly 18 and inserted into the bidirectional valve 184. In result, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60.

The bidirectional valve 184 may include three operating states. In the first operating state, gas is allowed to exit the chamber 84 and/or the enclosed volume 60 through the bidirectional valve 184 when the external pressure is below that of the enclosed volume 60 and/or the chamber 84. In the second operating state, the bidirectional valve 184 precludes gas from entering or exiting the enclosed volume 60 and/or the chamber 84 through the bidirectional valve 184 when the pressure of the chamber 84 and/or the enclosed volume 60 is between the first predetermined threshold and a second predetermined threshold. In the third operating state, the bidirectional valve 184 allows gas from ambient to enter the enclosed volume 60 and/or the chamber 84 through the bidirectional valve 184 when the pressure in the enclosed volume 60 and/or the chamber 84 is below the predetermined threshold. In one embodiment, the predetermined threshold is 560 mmHg or 200 mmHg below atmospheric. In yet another embodiment, the bidirectional valve 184 may include springs that automatically actuate the bidirectional valve 184 when a pressure differential is at the first or second predetermined threshold.

In still another embodiment, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected to multiple dressings. Furthermore, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can be connected to the multiple dressings at the same time. For example, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can be connected to a second dressing 188. The hose 62 can include a Y-shaped fitting 186 to connect the mechanical pump assembly 18 to the dressing 14 and the second dressing 188 at the same time. Furthermore, the chemical pump assembly 16 can also be connected to multiple dressings and can be connected to the multiple dressings at the same time. As depicted in FIG. 14 , the hose 62 can include the Y-shaped fitting 186 to simultaneously connect the chemical pump assembly 16 to the dressing 14 and the second dressing 188.

A method for achieving negative pressure therapy with the negative pressure kit 10 will be described hereinafter. First, at least one dressing 14 is removed from the tray kit 12, and the drape release liner is removed to expose the adhesive 66 on the bottom surface of the drape edge 54. The drape edge 54 is placed on skin S around at least one dressing site 28 and is secured to the skin S by the adhesive 66.

With reference to FIG. 8 , the drape 40 is secured over the dressing site 28, and the sealing member 96 on the chemical pump assembly 16 is introduced to the fitting 44 on the drape 40. The sealing member 96 is placed over the fitting 44, and the flaps 98 are opened. When the flaps 98 are open, the chemical pump assembly 16 is in fluid communication with the dressing 14. The reactor 82 begins to consume the selected gas from the enclosed volume 60 but is not complete at this time.

Afterwards, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is inserted into the first valve 92 disposed on the chemical pump assembly 16 to open the flaps 94, as depicted in FIG. 9 . As the flaps 94 are opened, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the chamber 84 in the chemical pump assembly 16. Alternatively, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is inserted into the bidirectional valve 184. Also, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60 via the chemical pump assembly 16. When the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the chemical pump assembly 16, the actuator 144 is used to activate the operation of the mechanical pump assembly 18, as depicted in FIG. 10 . Then, the spring 126 pushes the piston 128 towards the internal wall 122. As the piston 128 moves, air enters the first chamber 138 of the mechanical pump assembly 18, and the dressing 14 is drawn toward the skin S. The mechanical pump assembly 18 is then removed, and the flaps 94 of the first valve 92 are closed by their resilient forces, as depicted in FIG. 11 . In the embodiment with the bidirectional valve 184, the bidirectional valve 184 moves to the second operating state, as the mechanical pump assembly 18 is removed from the bidirectional valve 184. The reactor 82 in the chemical pump assembly 16 can continue to apply or maintain reduced pressure to the dressing 14. In result, the pressure in the dressing 14 is reduced to a negative pressure, and the negative pressure indicator 100 signals when the negative pressure has been achieved. At any time the reduced pressure decreases below a target pressure range, the relief valve 148 or the bidirectional valve 184 releases pressure as needed to restore the reduced pressure to a predetermined pressure differential.

In another embodiment, the mechanical pump assembly 18 can be inserted prior to the chemical pump assembly 16. First, the at least one dressing 14 is placed and secured over the at least one dressing site 28. Then, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected to the fitting 44 on the dressing 14 by the hose 62. Alternatively, the first valve 92 or bidirectional valve 184 is disposed on the dressing 14 instead of the chemical pump assembly 16 to provide direct fluid communication between the dressing 14 and the mechanical pump assembly 18. As a result, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the enclosed volume 60. The first valve 92 or bidirectional valve 184 may further replace the fitting 44. In these alternate embodiments, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is inserted into the first valve 92 or the bidirectional valve 184 on the dressing 14.

After the mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected to the dressing 14, the mechanical pump assembly 18 is activated with the actuator. In result, the piston 128 moves toward the internal wall 122, and air enters the first chamber 138 of the mechanical pump assembly 18. The mechanical pump assembly 18 is removed and replaced by the chemical pump assembly 16. The reactor 82 in the chemical pump assembly 16 begins reacting with a selected gas found in air to maintain the negative pressure of the dressing. When the negative pressure in the enclosed volume 60 is achieved, the indicator on the dressing 14 and/or the chemical pump assembly 16 signals when the dressing 14 reaches a negative pressure. As needed, the relief valve 148 or the bidirectional valve 184 releases pressure when the reduced pressure decreases below a target pressure range.

In still another embodiment, the chemical pump assembly 16 and the mechanical pump assembly 18 are both connected to the at least one dressing 14. In this embodiment, a first valve, fitting, or hose and a second valve, fitting or hose are disposed on the dressing 14. The chemical pump assembly 16 is connected to the dressing via the first valve, fitting, or hose. The mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected for the second valve, fitting, or hose. For example, the chemical pump assembly 16 is connected to the dressing 14 via the fitting 44 disposed on the dressing 14, while the mechanical pump assembly 18 is connected to the dressing 14 via the hose 62 and a second fitting 166 disposed on the dressing 14, as depicted in FIG. 12 . Also, in particular when the dressing 14 that includes at least one relief valve similar to the relief valve 148 described above, the chemical pump assembly 16 could be replaced with an electro-mechanical pump similar to those now used with known negative pressure wound therapy devices. Different than known negative pressure wound therapy devices, however, the relief valve(s) on the dressing 14 can open and close (as described above) to maintain the enclosed volume underneath the dressing within the therapeutic range. Also, in lieu of the relief valves, the dressing 14 could include a bidirectional valve similar to the bidirectional valve 184 that could cooperate with the mechanical pump assembly 18 while an electro-mechanical pump similar to those now used with known negative pressure wound therapy devices could connect with the fitting 44 shown in FIG. 12 .

Furthermore, at least one attachment can be disposed on the mechanical pump assembly 18 or the chemical pump assembly 16 for storing the hose 62. An example of such an attachment is, but is not limited to, a wrap element. With reference to FIG. 13 , the chemical pump assembly 16 may include a wrap element 176 disposed on the chemical pump housing 80 around which the hose 62 can be wound. Alternatively, the wrap element 176 can be disposed on the mechanical pump housing 120. The hose 62 can be coiled around the at least one attachment so that the hose 62 is secured during storage and transportation. In another embodiment, the hose 62 can retract into the chemical pump assembly 16. In yet another embodiment, the hose 62 can retract into the mechanical pump assembly 18. Alternatively, the tray kit 12 can include an additional recess for storing the hose 62.

With attention to FIGS. 16-17 , an alternative mechanical pump assembly 200 is shown. The mechanical pump assembly 200 includes a proximal end 202 and a distal end 204 that are disposed at opposite ends. The mechanical pump assembly 200 includes a mechanical pump 206 and a pump chamber 208 fluidly connectable to an inner chamber 212 of a chemical pump housing 214 of a chemical pump assembly 216 (FIGS. 18-22 ) and/or an enclosed volume 60′ of a negative pressure assembly 218 (FIGS. 23-24 ), as will be discussed in more detail hereinafter.

With reference once again to FIGS. 16-17 , the mechanical pump assembly 200 may include a charging button 220, an actuator 222, and a biasing mechanism (not shown, but similar to the spring 126 in FIG. 7 ) operatively connected with a movable pump element (not shown, but similar to the piston 128 in FIG. 7 ). In practice, the charging button 220 can be actuated (e.g., depressed—moved from the distal end 204 toward the proximal end 202) to expel air from the pump chamber 208 so as to define a charged position as shown in FIG. 17 .

Due to an internal assembly within the mechanical pump assembly 200, the charging button 220 remains in the charged position until the actuator 222 is actuated. Actuation of the actuator 222 results in the biasing mechanism moving the movable pump element so as to draw air into the pump chamber 208. As a result, negative pressure is created in the pump chamber 208. For reference, FIG. 16 illustrates the mechanical pump assembly 200 after the actuator 222 has been actuated.

The mechanical pump assembly 200 also includes a nozzle 224 disposed at the proximal end 202. With continued attention to FIGS. 16-17 , the nozzle 224 can be received by a shroud 226 that at least partially surrounds the nozzle 224. The shroud 226 in the illustrated embodiment is in the shape of a plunger.

The shroud 226 can be disposed at the proximal end 202 of the mechanical pump assembly 200. The shroud 226 can be made of any number of materials that provide sufficient pliability and rigidity to allow for fluidic sealing between the mechanical pump 206 and the object to which the mechanical pump assembly 200 is to be connected.

It is noted that the mechanical pump assembly 200 can be used without the shroud 226 or the shroud 226 may not be provided in certain circumstances, as shown by FIG. 22 . When the shroud 226 is utilized, the shroud 226 can contact a drape 40′ of the negative pressure assembly 218 as is shown in FIG. 24 and will be described in more detail hereinafter. Further, the shroud 226 defines an interior volume 228 that may be fluidicly disposed between the enclosed volume 60′ and the pump chamber 208.

As shown in FIGS. 16-17 , the shroud 226 includes a sealing lip 232, a barrel portion 234, a cup portion 236, and a joining region 238. The sealing lip 232, the barrel portion 234, the cup portion 236, and the joining region 238 can all be made of the same material(s). Alternatively, the sealing lip 232, the barrel portion 234, the cup portion 236 and the joining region 238 can be made of different materials from one another.

The sealing lip 232 contacts the drape 40′ and defines a sealing lip inner diameter 232 a and a sealing lip outer diameter 232 b. The sealing lip inner diameter 232 a and the sealing lip outer diameter 232 b can be of uniform diameters when extending in the proximal-distal axis. The sealing lip 232 can include an engagement face 232 c that directly contacts the drape 40′ and/or the chemical pump housing 214 to ensure good fluid communication between the mechanical pump assembly 200 and the inner chamber 212 of the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216 or the enclosed volume 60′ of the negative pressure assembly 218.

The barrel portion 234 defines a barrel portion inner diameter and a barrel portion outer diameter. The barrel portion inner diameter and the barrel portion outer diameter can maintain uniform respective diameters when extending in the proximal-distal axis. The barrel portion 234 is disposed at an opposite side of the shroud 226 as the sealing lip 232 and can include a mounting face 234 a that faces in an opposite direction as the engagement face 232 c of the sealing lip 232. The mounting face 234 a can directly contact the mechanical pump 206. The mounting face 234 a can also be offset slightly from the mechanical pump 206. The nozzle 224 is received in the shroud 226 so as to directly contact the inner diameter of the barrel portion 234 of the shroud 226.

The cup portion 236 is disposed between the sealing lip 232 and the barrel portion 234. The cup portion 236 defines a cup portion outer diameter that decreases in size when extending from the sealing lip 232 toward the barrel portion 234. Further, the cup portion 236 defines a cup portion maximum outer diameter at a junction with the sealing lip 232. Further still, the cup portion 236 defines a cup portion minimum outer diameter at a junction with the joining region 238. Additionally, the cup portion minimum outer diameter is greater than or equal to at the junction with the barrel portion outer diameter.

Finally, the joining region 238 is disposed between the barrel portion 234 and the cup portion 236. Further, the joining region 238 defines a joining region outer diameter 238 a that increases in size when extending from the barrel portion 234 to the cup portion 236. However, the sealing lip outer diameter 232 b is greater than the joining region outer diameter 238 a.

The aforementioned layout of the shroud 226, and more particularly, the components that make up the shroud 226, provide numerous advantages. For example, the shroud 226 does not penetrate a valve 244 (FIGS. 21, 24 ), as will be described in more detail hereinafter, thereby minimizing the risk of introducing undesirable material into the inner chamber 212 or the enclosed volume 60′. Further, as will also be detailed hereinafter, the compact size ensures easy and good fluid engagement with the valve 244, so that air can be easy and quickly removed from the inner chamber 212 and the enclosed volume 60′.

The mechanical pump assembly 200 can be utilized with a variety of components. For example, as shown in the FIGS. 21-22 , the mechanical pump assembly 200 can be used with the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216 that includes a reactor 242. The reactor 242 can be similar to the chemical pump 82 described above. As shown in FIG. 22 , the mechanical pump assembly 200 can cooperate the valve 244 on the chemical pump housing 214 to produce the desired negative pressure in the inner chamber 212 and beneath a dressing in fluid communication with the inner chamber 212.

With reference to FIGS. 18-22 , the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216 includes at least one wall 256 that defines the inner chamber 212. The at least one wall 256 can include a top wall 258, a bottom wall 262, and at least one side wall 264. The top wall 258 is spaced from the bottom wall 262 by the inner chamber 212. As shown in FIG. 19 , the bottom wall 262 can define an opening 266 for receipt of the valve 244; however the opening 266 and the valve 244 can be located elsewhere and on other walls of the chemical pump housing 214.

The top wall 258 can include a top wall exterior surface 258 a and a top wall interior surface 258 b. Further, the bottom wall 262 can include a bottom wall exterior surface 262 a and a bottom wall interior surface 262 b. As illustrated, the bottom wall interior surface 262 b faces in a direction opposite the bottom wall exterior surface 262 a and in a same direction as the top wall exterior surface 258 a. A slit 248 can be disposed on the top wall 258 for receipt of the pull tab 252.

As shown in FIG. 18 , the pull tab 252 could include a first pull tab 252 a and a second pull tab 252 b. In one embodiment, the first pull tab 252 a and the second pull tab 252 b are separate elements, whereas, in another embodiment, the first pull tab 252 a and the second pull tab 252 b could be connected or integral.

The reactor 242 is disposed in the inner chamber 212. Further, the first pull tab 252 a extends from the inner chamber 212 to the air through the slit 248 and a removable layer 254 is connected to the pull tab 252 to shield the reactor removable layer 254 is removed. The reactor 242 is configured to react with a selected gas found in air so as to consume the selected gas when the reactor 242 is exposed to air. In the illustrated embodiment, the reactor 242 is configured to react with a selected gas, e.g., oxygen, found in air.

The elongate slit 248 in the illustrated embodiment is disposed on the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216. When not covered, the slit 248 exposes the inner chamber 212 to ambient. The pull tab 252 extends from the inner chamber 212 to ambient through the slit 248.

A packet 268 including the removable layer 254 covers the reactor 242 so as to prevent the reactor 242 from being exposed to ambient until after removal of the removable layer 254 from the packet 268. The packet 268 can be a foil packet 268 that is hermetically sealed around the reactor 242. The first pull tab 252 a extends through the slit 248 and is connected to removable layer 254. The first pull tab 252 a can be pulled to remove the first pull tab 252 a from the slit 248.

When the first pull tab 252 a is pulled through the slit 248, the removable layer 254 is removed from the packet 268 and, if desired, from the inner chamber 212 through the slit 248, exposing the reactor 242 to ambient. After the removal of the removable layer 254, the reactor 242 begins to react with a selected gas, e.g., oxygen, in the inner chamber 212. The first pull tab 252 a is preferably removed after connection to a dressing 14′ as will be described in more detail hereinafter. However, the first pull tab 252 a can be removed prior to affixing the pump assembly to the dressing 14′.

The second pull tab 252 b is connected to a thin film 282, which is placed over and adhered to a portion of the top wall exterior surface 258 a. The thin film 282 includes a flap 284 and, as depicted in FIG. 22 , the slit 248 is disposed underneath the flap 284. The second pull tab 252 b is connected to a release layer 286 (shown in phantom in FIG. 18 ) provided on a bottom surface of the flap 284. The release layer 286 covers an adhesive on the bottom surface of the thin film 282. When the second pull tab 252 b is pulled, the second pull tab 252 b disconnects the release layer 286 from the flap 284 and the adhesive disposed on the bottom surface of the flap 284 is exposed. The flap 284 is then moved towards the top wall exterior surface 258 a to cover the remainder of the top wall exterior surface 258 a and thus also covers the slit 248. In result, the inner chamber 212 is no longer exposed to ambient via the slit 248. When the thin film 282 covers the slit 248, the reactor 242 reacts with the selected gas found in the enclosed volume 60, 60′ under the dressing, and if already connected to the dressing via the hose 62′ creates a closed system. Reduced pressure is therefore developed the enclosed volume. When the inner chamber 212 is under negative pressure, the thin film 282 is drawn in through the slit 248 toward the inner chamber 212. As such, the thin film 282 cooperating with the slit 248 can provide an indication to the user that the inner chamber 212 is under negative pressure. Indicia 290, e.g. lines, a cross or the like, can also be provided on the thin film 282 in the vicinity of the slit 248 to provide further indication of negative pressure.

As shown in FIG. 18-22 , the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216 can further includes a hose fitting 274. The hose fitting 274 can be tubular and includes a passage in communication with the inner chamber 212. In one embodiment, the hose fitting 274 is disposed on the opposite side of the chemical pump housing 214 as the slit 248. The hose fitting 274 may be disposed on a concave section of the chemical pump housing 214; however, the hose fitting 274 may be disposed on any surface of the chemical pump housing 214.

A hose 62′ attaches to the hose fitting 274 to connect the pump assembly to the dressing 14′. As illustrated in FIG. 20 , the chemical pump housing 214 of the chemical pump assembly 216 may be simultaneously connected to multiple dressings. In particular, the hose 62′ can include the Y-shaped fitting 186 to simultaneously connect the chemical pump housing 214 to the dressing 14′ and the second dressing 188. It is noted that FIG. 20 merely shows the connection in schematic form and is in no way limiting. For example, the chemical pump housing 214 could be connected to a dressing as shown in FIGS. 23-24 .

With reference to FIGS. 19 and 21-22 , the valve 244 is disposed on the chemical pump housing 214 so as to be in fluid communication with the inner chamber 212. Alternatively, the valve 244 can be disposed on the drape 40′ as shown in FIGS. 23-24 . For reference, the valve 244 disposed on the chemical pump housing 214 and the valve 244 disposed on the drape 40′ are identical in construction. For clarity, the valve 244 disposed on the chemical pump housing 214 will firstly be discussed.

The valve 244 includes at least one movable element 244 a to obstruct the opening 266 and a mounting portion 244 b that is flush with the at least one wall 256. The mounting portion 244 b of the valve 244 can directly contact the bottom wall 262 to attach the valve 244 to the bottom wall 262 of the chemical pump housing 214. The mounting portion 244 b may also be recessed or received further into the inner chamber 212 than that shown in FIGS. 19, 21 and 22 , or a boss can extend from the bottom wall exterior surface 262 a around the opening 266. By recessing the valve 244 into the inner chamber 212 or surrounding the opening 266 with a boss, the movable element 244 a is protected from contact as it moves toward a dome shape, similar to that shown in FIG. 24 , upon activation of the mechanical pump assembly 200. As noted hereinbefore, the opening 266 can be disposed on the bottom wall 262 of the chemical pump housing 214. However, it will be appreciated that the opening 266, and hence the valve 244, could be located on other walls (e.g., the top wall 258, the at least one side wall 264) of the chemical pump housing 214 without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

The valve 244 can be received by the bottom wall 262 such that a distance between the top wall interior surface 258 b and the bottom wall exterior surface 262 a is greater than a distance between the top wall interior surface 258 b and the valve 244. Further, a distance between the movable element 244 a of the valve 244 and the top wall 258 is less than a distance between the mounting portion 244 b and the top wall 258.

The movable element 244 a is disposed so as to not outwardly protrude past an exterior surface of the at least one wall 256. For example, the at least one wall 256 could be the bottom wall 262. This orientation of the valve 244 can provide numerous advantages. For example, this orientation ensures that the valve 244 is not accidently actuated. Further, a risk of the valve 244 making inadvertent contact with an object exterior to the chemical pump housing 214 is reduced.

With attention to FIGS. 23-24 , the dressing 14′ is shown. For reference, the dressing 14′ of FIGS. 23-24 is similar to the dressing 14 illustrated in FIG. 2 , except as otherwise noted. Notably, an opening 48 of the dressing 14′ of FIGS. 23-24 includes the valve 244 previously described with reference to FIGS. 18-22 , as compared to the fitting 44 of FIG. 2 . Further, the dressing 14′ of FIGS. 23-24 can include a boss 278 that surrounds the valve 244 so as to attach the valve 244 to the drape 40′. The boss 278 can provide additional structural stability to the arrangement and sufficient recess of the valve 244 to protect the movable element 244 a and interference from outside contacts. Thus, the boss 278 can contact a drape top 52′ of the drape 40′. As these are the primary differences, only an abbreviated description of FIGS. 23-24 will be provided. It should be apparent that FIGS. 23 and 24 are schematic and not drawn to scale, especially considering that the drape 40′ can be made from a thin film.

The negative pressure assembly 218 includes the drape 40′ for covering a dressing site on a patient. The negative pressure assembly 218 is capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape 40′ when sealed against skin S upon application of a vacuum. This vacuum can be provided by the chemical pump housing 214 and/or the mechanical pump 206. The negative pressure assembly 218 also includes a sealing element 46 that when applied to the skin S, cooperates with the drape 40′, to define the enclosed volume 60′. The enclosed volume 60′ is covered by the drape 40′ and surrounded by the sealing element 46.

Like the valve 244 shown in FIGS. 19 and 21-22 , the valve 244 shown in FIGS. 23-24 has a first operating state in which gas exits the enclosed volume 60′ through the valve 244 and a second operating state in which gas is precluded from entering or exiting the enclosed volume 60′ through the valve 244. The valve 244 opens (i.e., unseals or first operating state) at a pre-determined pressure and closes (i.e., seals or second operating state) thereafter in order to allow gas to be removed from the inner chamber 212/enclosed volume 60′ while simultaneously preventing gas from entering into the inner chamber 212/enclosed volume 60′. Notably, once an activation pressure occurs, the valve 244 will open, allowing the gas to flow. Then again, when the activation pressure is no longer present, the valve 244 will close automatically, stopping the movement of gas into or out of the inner chamber 212/enclosed volume 60′.

The valve 244 can have a non-tortuous flow path and allow bi-directional flow. Further, the valve 244 can be made of a variety of elastomeric materials including, for example, silicone, hydrocarbon resistant fluorosilicone rubber, fluoroelastomers, and perfluorelastomers. Further still, the valve 244 can include a variety of cuts 246 in the movable element 244 a to allow the passage of gas there through (i.e., communication between ambient and the inner chamber 212/enclosed volume 60′). For example, it is envisioned that the valve 244 could have a single cut or multiple cuts. Further, the cut 246 could define a straight line, a curved line, a shape, or a combination thereof. For example, the cut could be shaped in the form of an X or a cross.

By way of example only, the valve 244 can include an X-cut and be made with 50 durometer silicone material, thereby causing the valve 244 to open (i.e., unseal) at about 60 mmHg and close (i.e., reseal) at about 55 mmHg. Alternatively, the valve 244 could be made with 60 durometer silicone material with an X-cut and open at about 120 mmHg and close at about 85 mmHg. With the X-cut, the valve 244 may have very slow pressure deterioration and the X may not perfectly realign after actuation.

By way of another example, which is in no way limiting, the valve 244 could have a single 3.85 mm long cut and be made with 60 durometer silicone material. This could result in the valve 244 opening at 180 mmHg and provide excellent resealability of the valve 244. Another non-limiting example could be a valve 244 with a single 2.55 mm slit with 60 durometer silicon material. This could result in the valve 244 opening at 220 mmHg.

As shown in FIGS. 21-22 , the pump chamber 208 of the mechanical pump 206 is fluidly connectable to the inner chamber 212 through the valve 244 to draw air from the inner chamber 212 into the pump chamber 208. Further, the mechanical pump 206 is configured to draw air from the inner chamber 212 into the pump chamber 208 when fluidly connected with the inner chamber 212 such that the valve 244 does not penetrate the mechanical pump 206. As shown in FIG. 21 , the mechanical pump 206 is configured to draw air from the inner chamber 212 into the pump chamber 208 when fluidly connected with the inner chamber 212 such that the mechanical pump 206 does not penetrate the valve 244.

With reference to FIG. 24 , the mechanical pump 206 and the pump chamber 208 of the mechanical pump assembly 200 are fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume 60′ through the valve 244 when the valve 244 is in the first operating state. The mechanical pump 206 is configured to fluidly connect with the enclosed volume 60′ and draw air from the enclosed volume 60′ into the pump chamber 208 of the mechanical pump assembly 200 while being offset from the at least one movable element 244 a. Further, the mechanical pump 206 is configured to draw air from the enclosed volume 60′ into the pump chamber 208 when fluidly connected with the enclosed volume 60′ such that the mechanical pump assembly 200 does not penetrate the valve 244.

A method for achieving negative pressure therapy will be described hereinafter. The drape 40′ can be applied to cover the dressing 14′ site on a patient, the drape 40′ can be sealed against skin S of the patient to define the enclosed volume 60′ covered by the drape 40′, and a chemical pump can be activated so as to consume a selected gas in the enclosed volume 60′.

The method can also include positioning a mechanical pump assembly 200 to fluidly connect the mechanical pump assembly 200 to the enclosed volume 60′ through the bidirectional valve 244, and reducing air from the enclosed volume 60′ with the mechanical pump 206 such that all portions of the mechanical pump 206 are spaced from the bidirectional valve 244. Further, the bidirectional valve 244 does not penetrate the mechanical pump 206 when the air is reduced from the enclosed volume 60′ and the mechanical pump 206 does not penetrate the bidirectional valve 244 when the air is reduced from the enclosed volume 60′.

FIG. 25 depicts an embodiment in which a mechanical pump assembly 300 and a chemical pump assembly 302 are provided together. The chemical pump assembly 302 is similar in very many aspects to the chemical pump assembly 216 described above, as such only an abbreviated description of the chemical pump assembly 302 will be provided. The chemical pump assembly 302 includes a chemical pump housing 304. A slit 306, which is similar to the slit 248 described above, is provided in the chemical pump housing 304. A hose fitting 308 is also provided on the chemical pump housing 304 and is in fluid communication with an inner chamber of 312 of the chemical pump housing 304.

A reactor 320, similar to the reactor 242 described above, is provided in the inner chamber 312. The reactor 320 is configured to react with the gas found in air so as to consume the gas. In the illustrated embodiment, the reactor 320 is hermetically sealed within a packet 322 including a removable layer 324. A first pull tab 330 extends from ambient through the slit 306 and connects with the removable layer 324. The first pull tab 330 can be pulled through the slit 306 so as to remove the removable layer 324 from the packet 322 thus exposing the reactor 320 to the air found in the inner chamber 312.

A thin film 332 is provided on an exterior of the chemical pump housing 304. The thin film 332 includes a flap 334, and a release layer (not visible in FIG. 25 ) is provided on an underside of the flap to cover adhesive of the underside of the flap. A second pull tab 336 connects with the release layer on the flap 334. Pulling the second pull tab 336 results in removal of the release layer thus exposing the adhesive on the flap 334. With the adhesive exposed, the flap 334 can be brought over the slit 306 in a similar manner to the chemical pump assembly 216 described above.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 25 combines the chemical pump assembly and the mechanical pump assembly into a single unit. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 25 also includes a valve 350 including at least one movable element 352. The valve 350, however, is provided within the inner chamber 312 as opposed to being exposed to the exterior of the housing such as the valve 242 shown in FIG. 19 . The mechanical pump assembly 300 includes a pump chamber 360 that is fluidly connectable to an enclosed volume (see for example enclosed volume 60 shown in FIG. 3 ) beneath a dressing (similar to the dressing 14 shown in FIG. 3 ) when a hose (similar to the hose 62′ in FIG. 20 ) is provided on the fitting 308 connecting the dressing to the assembly shown in FIG. 25 .

The mechanical pump assembly 300 includes a mechanical pump housing 362 that defines the pump chamber 360. A piston 364 is provided in the mechanical pump housing 362 to define the pump chamber 360. The piston 364 can be connected with a rod 366 in a conventional manner. A biasing mechanism, which in the illustrated embodiment is a spring 368, operates to bias the piston 364 in a manner so as to expand the pump chamber 360 (to the left as depicted in FIG. 25 ).

An actuator 380, which can be a button covered by a resilient cover 382 connected to the chemical pump housing 304 in an air-tight manner, is provided to actuate the mechanical pump assembly 300. As illustrated in FIG. 25 , the mechanical pump assembly 300 is depicted prior to actuation and thus prior to drawing air from the enclosed volume (for example the enclosed volume 60 in FIG. 3 ). The actuator 380 is operatively connected with the rod 366. Actuation of the actuator 380, e.g., pressing the actuator 380 to the right (per the orientation shown in FIG. 25 ) against the biasing force of the spring 368 results in an outlet valve 386, which is connected with ambient via an outlet air line 388, expelling air from the pump chamber 360. When the force is removed from the actuator 380, the spring 368 biases the piston to the left (per the orientation shown in FIG. 25 ). Accordingly, air within the inner chamber 312 and the enclosed volume (for example see the enclosed volume 60 in FIG. 3 ) is drawn into the pump chamber 360, thus drawing a vacuum beneath the dressing. The actuator 380 can then be actuated again until the desired pressure beneath the dressing is achieved. The reactor 320, can then further remove selected gas, e.g., oxygen, from the inner chamber 312 and the enclosed volume beneath the dressing.

The mechanical pump assembly 300 is depicted inside the chemical pump housing 304 in FIG. 25 . Alternatively, the mechanical pump assembly 300 could be provided external to, although connected with, the chemical pump housing 304. Also, a relief valve (similar to the relief valve 148 on the chemical pump housing 80 described above) may be provided on the chemical pump housing 304 to release pressure as needed to avoid too low of pressure beneath the dressing.

It will be appreciated that various of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives or varieties thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A negative pressure assembly comprising: a drape for covering a dressing site on a patient and capable of maintaining a negative pressure underneath the drape when sealed against skin upon application of a vacuum; a sealing element that when applied to the skin cooperates with the drape to define an enclosed volume covered by the drape and surrounded by the sealing element; a chemical pump assembly including a chemical pump housing offset from the drape and defining an inner chamber and a reactor located within the inner chamber, the inner chamber being in fluid communication with the enclosed volume when the drape is covering the dressing site, the reactor being configured to react with a selected gas found in air so as to consume the selected gas from the inner chamber; a valve disposed including at least one movable element, the valve having a first operating state in which gas is drawn from the inner chamber through the valve; and a mechanical pump assembly including a pump chamber disposed in or on the chemical pump housing and fluidly connectable to the enclosed volume through the valve when the valve is in the first operating state, wherein the mechanical pump is configured to fluidly connect with the enclosed volume and draw air from the inner chamber into the pump chamber of the mechanical pump assembly when the valve is in the first operating state.
 2. The negative pressure assembly of claim 1, wherein the valve is disposed in or on the chemical pump housing.
 3. The negative pressure assembly of claim 1, wherein the mechanical pump assembly includes an actuator accessible from the exterior of the chemical pump housing.
 4. The negative pressure assembly of claim 1, wherein the chemical pump assembly further includes: a slit disposed on the chemical pump housing; a first pull tab which extends from the inner chamber of the chemical pump housing to ambient through the slit; and a removable layer connected to the first pull tab which shields the reactor from the air until after the removable layer is removed.
 5. The negative pressure assembly of claim 4, wherein the chemical pump assembly further comprising: a second pull tab connected to a thin film having a portion that seals over the slit after the removal of the second pull tab. 